The Emergence Of Organizations And Markets

Download or read book The Emergence of Organizations and Markets written by John F. Padgett and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-14 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The social sciences have sophisticated models of choice and equilibrium but little understanding of the emergence of novelty. Where do new alternatives, new organizational forms, and new types of people come from? Combining biochemical insights about the origin of life with innovative and historically oriented social network analyses, John Padgett and Walter Powell develop a theory about the emergence of organizational, market, and biographical novelty from the coevolution of multiple social networks. In the short run, they argue, actors make relations, but in the long run, they argue, actors make actors. Organizational novelty arises from spillover across intertwined networks, which tips reproducing biographical and production flows. This theory is developed through formal deductive modeling and through a wide range of careful and original historical case studies, ranging from early capitalism and state formation, to the transformation of communism, to the emergence of contemporary biotechnology and Silicon Vally. -- from back cover.

Download or read book Organizations in Time written by Marcelo Bucheli and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together leading organization scholars and business historians to examine the opportunities and challenges of incorporating historical research into the study of firms and markets.

Download or read book Markets On Trial written by Michael Lounsbury and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07-07 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the mid-20th century, organizational theorists have increasingly distanced themselves from the study of core societal power centers and important policy issues of the day. This title addresses the global financial crisis debates and struggles around how to organize economies and societies around the world.

Download or read book Markets from Culture written by Patricia H. Thornton and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Institutional logics, the underlying governing principles of societal sectors, strongly influence organizational decision making. Any shift in institutional logics results in a similar shift in attention to alternative problems and solutions and in new determinants for executive decisions. Examining changes in institutional logics in higher-education publishing, this book links cultural analysis with organizational decision making to develop a theory of attention and explain how executives concentrate on certain market characteristics to the exclusion of others. Analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data from the 1950s to the 1990s, the author shows how higher education publishing moved from a culture of independent domestic publishers focused on creating markets for books based on personal, relational networks to a culture of international conglomerates that create markets from corporate hierarchies. This book offers broader lessons beyond publishing--its theory is applicable to explaining institutional changes in organizational leadership, strategy, and structure occurring in all professional services industries.

Download or read book Markets and Hierarchies written by Oliver E. Williamson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyzes organization of economic activity within and between markets and hierarchies. It considers the transaction to be the ultimate unit of microeconomic analysis, and defines hierarchical transactions as ones for which a single administrative entity spans both sides of the transaction, some form of subordination prevails and, typically, consolidated ownership obtains. Discusses the advantages of the transactional approach by examining three issues: price discrimination, insurance, and vertical integration. Develops the concept of the organizational failure framework, and demonstrates why it is always the combination of human with environmental factors, not either taken by itself, that causes transactional problems. The study also describes each of the transactional relations of interest, and presents the advantages of internal organization with respect to the transactional condition. The analysis explains why primary work groups of the peer group and simple hierarchy types arise. The same transactional factor which impede autonomous contracting between individuals also impede market exchange between technologically separable work groups. Peer groups can be understood as an internal organizational response to the frictions of intermediate product markets, while conglomerate organization can be seen as a response to failures in the capital market. In both contexts, the same human factors, such as bounded rationality and opportunism, occur. Examines the reasons for and properties of the employment relation, which is commonly associated with voluntary subordination. The analysis attempts better to assess the employment relation in circumstances where workers acquire, during the course of the employment, significant job-specific skills and knowledge. The study compares alternative labor-contracting modes and demonstrates that collective organization is helpful in enhancing the acquisition of idiosyncratic knowledge and skills by the work force. The study then examines more complex structures -- the movement from simple hierarchies to the vertical integration of firms, then multidivisional structures, conglomerates, monopolies and oligopolies. Discusses the market structure in relation to technical and organizational innovation. The study proposes a systems approach to the innovation process. Its purpose is to permit the realization of the distinctive advantages of both small and large firms which apply at different stages of the innovation process. The analysis also examines the relation of organizational innovation to technological innovation. (AT).

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Political Networks written by Jennifer Nicoll Victor and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 1011 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Politics is intuitively about relationships, but until recently the network perspective has not been a dominant part of the methodological paradigm that political scientists use to study politics. This volume is a foundational statement about networks in the study of politics.

Download or read book Organizations, Markets and Imperial Formations written by Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection is an extraordinarily welcome text for those of us teaching international management in the US while observing with dismay the lack of critical awareness about the rest of the world in extant disciplinary scholarship. Rather than giving us the view from the rest , the collection advances a temporal and spatial relational approach to understanding globalization and compels its audience to bridge the gap between the west and the rest by bringing to visibility the cultural and material encounters co-constructing them. In this context, the various contributions deconstruct international management as market-based activity, exposing its mode of existence within complex power relations networks extending over time and space. Marta B. Calás, University of Massachusetts, US Organizations, Markets and Imperial Formations offers a set of innovative critiques of contemporary economic globalization. A major theme of the book is that our imperialist histories have resulted in a globalization process that replicates exploitative colonialist patterns. Chapter authors provide insights on a variety of subjects, including a critique of mainstream international management textbooks and the simplistic toolkits they offer to managers; an analysis of how a universalistic view of capitalism and economic organization results in exploitative patterns of resource appropriation; and documentation of the negative consequences of globalization, specifically, patterns of inequality and class segregation. Alison M. Konrad, University of Western Ontario, Canada This authoritative book explores the nexus between organization theory, globalization and imperialism and examines the effects of a global order organized around development and markets. The authors explore how interconnections between organization theory and the global political economy have led to the perpetuation of inequality and active reconfigurations of life, labour and the economy. They contend that cultural ethnocentrism and Western ideologies of development continue to inform the field of organizational studies and offer an alternate mode of theorizing. Through theoretical and empirical reflections, the authors produce a patchwork quilt of innovatively critical approaches to globalization. Graduate students, academics and scholars in the fields of management and organizational sciences, as well as postcolonial, development and globalization studies will find this book of particular interest. It is also an invaluable read for international management and strategy scholars, including those focused on multinational operations in the Third World.