Free Energy

Download or read book Free Energy Calculations written by Christophe Chipot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-08 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free energy constitutes the most important thermodynamic quantity to understand how chemical species recognize each other, associate or react. Examples of problems in which knowledge of the underlying free energy behaviour is required, include conformational equilibria and molecular association, partitioning between immiscible liquids, receptor-drug interaction, protein-protein and protein-DNA association, and protein stability. This volume sets out to present a coherent and comprehensive account of the concepts that underlie different approaches devised for the determination of free energies. The reader will gain the necessary insight into the theoretical and computational foundations of the subject and will be presented with relevant applications from molecular-level modelling and simulations of chemical and biological systems. Both formally accurate and approximate methods are covered using both classical and quantum mechanical descriptions. A central theme of the book is that the wide variety of free energy calculation techniques available today can be understood as different implementations of a few basic principles. The book is aimed at a broad readership of graduate students and researchers having a background in chemistry, physics, engineering and physical biology.

Download or read book The Search for Free Energy written by Keith Tutt and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE SCIENTIST, THE MADMAN, THE THIEF AND THEIR LIGHTBULB reveals the revolutionary work of inventors and scientists who have struggled to develop clean and 'fuelless' new ways to produce the electricity we need for the 21st century and beyond. If the technologies could be developed commercially, they would offer almost costless energy, which would mean the end of the oil economy and freely available electricity throughout the developed and underdeveloped world. THE SCIENTIST, THE MADMAN, THE THIEF AND THEIR LIGHTBULB contains the elements of a dramatic conspiracy thriller in which greed, mendacity, murder, suicide, suppression, betrayal, jealousy, madness and misunderstood genius all play their full parts. It also investigates the complex psychology of invention and reserves a chapter for those inventors who are either self-deluded mavericks or charlatans who aim to trick gullible investors out of their savings. Most importantly, there are technologies here that offer to solve the planet's most serious problem: global warming and climate change caused by fossil fuel power plants and car emissions. Is the technological solution to global warming contained within these pages?

Download or read book Free Energy Computations written by Tony LeliŠvre and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides a general introduction to advanced computational methods for free energy calculations, from the systematic and rigorous point of view of applied mathematics. Free energy calculations in molecular dynamics have become an outstanding and increasingly broad computational field in physics, chemistry and molecular biology within the past few years, by making possible the analysis of complex molecular systems. This work proposes a new, general and rigorous presentation, intended both for practitioners interested in a mathematical treatment, and for applied mathematicians interested in molecular dynamics.

Download or read book Free Energy Transduction and Biochemical Cycle Kinetics written by Terrell L. Hill and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2013-01-09 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-part treatment translates the technical language of research monographs on the theory of free energy transfer in biology, making the subject more accessible to those entering the field. Designed for upper-level classes in biochemistry or biophysics, it can also be used for independent study. 36 figures. 1989 edition.

Download or read book Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances written by Gilbert Newton Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scope of thermodynamics. Definitions; the concept of equilibrium. Conventions and mathematical methods. Solutions. The first law of thermodynamics and the concept of energy. The fugacity. Application of the second law to solutions. The perfect solution. The laws of the dilute solution. Systems involving variables other than pressure, temperature and composition. A useful function, called the activity, and its application to solutions. Change of activity with the temperature, and the calculation of activity from freezing points. The standard change of free energy; the equilibrium constant. Solutions of electrolytes. The activity of strong electrolytes. The activity of electrolytes from freezing point data, and tables of activity coefficients. Activity coefficient in mixed electrolytes; the principle of the ionic strength; the activity of individual ions. The galvanic cell. Single potentials; standard electrode potentials of the elements. The third law of thermodynamics. The entropy of monatomic gases and a table of atomic entropies. Introduction to systematic free energy calculations: the free energy of elementary hydrogen and metallic hydrides. Oxygen and its compouns with hydrogen and with some metals. Chlorine and its compouns. Bromine and its compounds. Iodine and its compounds. Nitrogen compounds. Carbon and some of its compounds. Compounds of carbon and nitrogen. Table of free energies; and examples illustrating its use. Conversion table for mol fractions, mol ratios and molities. Some useful numerical factors. Coefficients employed in converting activity, equilibrium constant and free energy from one temperature to another. Publications by the authrs, pertaining to thermodynamics.

Download or read book Active Inference written by Thomas Parr and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior—a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a “first principles” approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning.

Download or read book Forbidden Science written by J. Douglas Kenyon and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2008-02-11 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals the cutting edge of New Science and shows how established science disallows inquiry that challenges the status quo--even when it produces verifiable results • Contains 43 essays by 19 researchers denoting cutting-edge, heretical, or suppressed scientific research, including Immanuel Velikovsky, Nikola Tesla, Rupert Sheldrake, and Masaru Emoto • Edited by Atlantis Rising publisher, J. Douglas Kenyon Following the model of his bestselling Forbidden History and Forbidden Religion, J. Douglas Kenyon has assembled from his bimonthly journal, Atlantis Rising, material that explores science and technology that has been suppressed by the orthodox scientific community--from the true function of the Great Pyramid and the megaliths at Nabta Playa to Immanuel Velikovsky’s astronomical insights, free energy from space, cold fusion, and Rupert Sheldrake’s research into telepathy and ESP. There is an organized war going on in science between materialistic theory and anything that could be termed spiritual or metaphysical. For example, Masaru Emoto’s research into the energetics of water, although supported by photographic evidence, has been scoffed at by mainstream science because he has asserted that humans affect their surroundings with their thoughts. The materialism or absolute skepticism of the scientific establishment is detrimental to any scientific inquiry that thinks outside the box. This mentality is interested in preserving funding for its own projects, those that will not rock the establishment. From Tesla’s discovery of alternating current to Robert Schoch’s re-dating of the Sphinx, this book serves as a compelling introduction to the true history of alternative and New Science research.